A Sero-Epidemiological Study of Haemophilus Somnus Infection in Dairy Cattle

Akhtar, S., Farver, T.B. and Riemann, H.P., 1997. A sero-epidemiological study of Haemophilus somnus infection in dairy cattle. Veterinary Research Communications, 21 (4), 229-239Five repeated cross-sectional serological surveys of 790 dairy cattle in 4 dairy herds between December 1985 and February 1987 provided an opportunity to study the changes in the seroprevalence of Haemophilus somnus across the 5 surveys and with respect to some demographic and disease variables. The demographic variables included were age (heifers or cows) and farm, representing two groups of herds (two herds in each group, located in the Central and Northern Valleys of California). The serological status of cattle as either negative or positive against H. somnus, Campylobacter fetus and Leptospira hardjo were determined with enzyme linked-immunosorbent assays. Logistic regression analysis was used to compute maximum likelihood estimates of adjusted odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals.The baseline risk of being H. somnus seropositive in the cattle observed at first sampling did not vary significantly during the study period after adjustment for the effects of covariates. Only at first sampling were cows about twice as likely to be H. somnus seropositive than heifers. At samplings 1 and 3, but not at 2 and 5, being in the herds of the Central Valley appeared protective. In contrast, at sampling 4 the cattle in herds in the Central Valley were about 7 times more likely to be H. somnus seropositive. C. fetus-positive cattle were about 3 times more likely to be H. somnus seropositive at sampling 1 only. The relationship between H. somnus status and L. hardjo was not significant during the study period.     

间接法Dot－ELISA检测副鸡嗜血杆菌的研究

本文首次成功地建立了检测副鸡嗜血杆菌（ｈｐｇ）抗原的间接法Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ。Ｈｐｇ抗原的最低检出量为３．９１×１０￣５ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ。Ｈｐｇ人工感染样本的抗原阳性检出率为：口咽试子９５．５％；鼻窦及眶下分泌物拭子９０．９％。经统计学分析，二者在５％显著水平无显著差异。人工感染后４天及８天口咽拭子的抗原阳性检出率分别为１００％和９５．５％。经统计学分析，二者在５％显著水平无显著差异。Ｈｐｇ自然感染样本的抗原检出率为：口咽拭子８１．７％，鼻分泌物拭子７７．８％，眶下窦分泌物拭子７６．９％。间接法Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测抗原经济、快速、操作简便，有较好的敏感性、特异性和重复性，能有效检出Ｈｐｇ人工及自然感染病鸡的带菌菌况，适合于大规模抗原样本的检测，可以用作疫病早期诊断和进行流行病学调查。     

副猪嗜血杆菌ERIC-PCR指纹图谱多样性研究

建立了副猪嗜血杆菌ERIC-PCR分型技术,并应用于临床分离菌株的流行病学调查。试验结果表明,47株副猪嗜血杆菌产生28种不同的指纹图谱,分离自同一猪场和相同血清型的菌株表现出不同的指纹图谱,不能进行血清分型的副猪嗜血杆菌应用该方法可得到充分区分,证实副猪嗜血杆菌ERIC指纹图谱存在丰富的多样性,ERIC-PCR方法是副猪嗜血杆菌流行病学规律分析的有效方法。     

副猪嗜血杆菌病研究进展

副猪嗜血杆菌病是由副猪嗜血杆菌（Haemophilus parasuis, HPS）感染引起的猪多发性纤维素性浆膜炎、肺炎、关节炎、脑膜炎等全身性炎症。HPS 属于非运动、多形态、有荚膜的革兰氏阴性小杆菌，是猪上呼吸道的条件致病菌。该菌血清型众多，各菌株间毒力差距较大，毒力菌株能感染任何日龄的猪，引起副猪嗜血杆菌病。近年来该病在我国广泛流行，且与多种病毒与细菌混合感染严重，导致猪群发病率和死亡率上升，给我国造成巨大的经济损失，严重影响我国生猪产业的健康发展。介绍了HPS 的病原学特性、流行病学、致病机制与毒力因子，综述了副猪嗜血杆菌病的实验室诊断方法、灭活疫苗、亚单位疫苗和菌影疫苗的研究进展，以期为该病的防控提供参考。     

Update on the pathogenesis of Haemophilus parasuis infection and virulence factors

Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer's disease in pigs, a severe systemic disease that has led to increasing economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. The H. parasuis genome sequence has been completed, but the function and essentiality of the annotated genes remain largely unknown, especially virulence factors. The recent developments in the efficient genetic manipulation of H. parasuis have greatly facilitated the study of gene function, pathogenesis mechanisms and virulence factors. In this review, we provided update information regarding that (i) how the pathogen overcome host immune responses and cell barriers which were tightly associated with the pathogenesis, and (ii) the several recent identification of virulence factors were involved in evading the immune responses and cell barriers in H. parasuis.     

副猪嗜血杆菌江西株的分离鉴定及药敏试验

从江西省彭泽县某猪场出现咳嗽、呼吸困难、胸膜有化脓性纤维蛋白渗出物病变的病死猪中分离到4株革兰氏阴性细小杆菌,对其进行培养特性和生化特性鉴定;用副猪嗜血杆菌16S rRNA的特异性PCR引物,通过PCR技术可从分离菌中扩增出821 bp的特异基因片段,表明该分离菌株为副猪嗜血杆菌。药敏试验结果表明,4株分离菌对头孢唑啉高度敏感,对头孢哌酮、氯霉素等敏感,而对复方新诺明、青霉素G等有抵抗力。小白鼠攻毒试验结果显示4株分离株均有致病性。     

中国东南部地区副猪嗜血杆菌分离株ERIC-PCR指纹图谱分析

采用肠杆菌基因间重复一致序列PCR方法,在对15种副猪嗜血杆菌血清型参考株鉴定获得15种不同ERIC-PCR指纹的基础上,对分离自中国东南部发生Glasser's病的不同猪场的111株副猪嗜血杆茵进行了指纹鉴定.结果显示:111株分离株显示出23种指纹图谱,前3种最流行的指纹图谱为ERIC-PCR X X(20/111),X X ⅢⅠ(9/111)和Ⅳ(8/111).且在111株分离株中,来自不同地区的分离株分别表现出不同种类的指纹图谱.该试验表明,ERIC-PCR方法可适用于对某一地区的副猪嗜血杆菌进行分子流行病学的研究和基因型的鉴定;试验结果还揭示了副猪嗜血杆茵在中国东南部地区已广泛存在并具有多样的基因型.     

清远市肿眼肉鸡病原诊断和药敏试验

广东省清远地区3群肉鸡临床表现不同程度的肿眼、流鼻水等症状,临床治疗处理效果不理想。在3群病鸡中各取病鸡鼻窦腔分泌液进行细菌分离培养、革兰氏和瑞氏染色,并对分离菌株进行了玻片凝集和生化试验。结果表明,革兰氏染色呈阴性,瑞氏染色呈蓝色,油镜下可见细菌呈短杆菌或球杆菌,两极着色,3群分离株均与副鸡嗜血杆菌A型血清完全凝集反应,与B和C型血清无凝集反应,确定肿眼肉鸡病原为A型副鸡嗜血杆菌。同时选用多种药物研究了该病原菌的药敏性,结果显示,A型副鸡嗜血杆菌对头孢噻呋、氟苯尼考和青霉素3种药物均表现极敏。     

副猪嗜血杆菌sapA基因克隆与生物信息学分析

试验旨在克隆副猪嗜血杆菌（Haemophilus parasuis,Hps）sapA基因,并对其进行生物信息学分析,以期为sapA基因缺失疫苗的开发与应用提供理论依据。以71株临床菌株为研究对象,经PCR扩增鉴定其中的阳性菌株;将扩增得到的sapA基因片段与pGEM-T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,经PCR和双酶切鉴定为阳性克隆后进行测序;用生物信息学软件进行核苷酸与氨基酸序列比对、系统进化树分析、蛋白二级和三级结构预测、疏水性预测、柔性区域位预测、B细胞抗原表位预测和Jameson-Wolf抗原指数预测。试验结果显示,在71株临床菌株中,有29株成功扩增出sapA基因,29株Hps的sapA基因核苷酸序列与已公布的SH0165菌株相似性为96.5%~98.8%,除H88菌株外,氨基酸序列与SH0165菌株相似性为98.9%~100%。sapA蛋白二级结构主要有α-螺旋、β-转角和无规则卷曲,有13个亲水区、38个柔性区和23个B细胞潜在抗原表位。以上结果表明,Hps的sapA基因是一个保守基因,各菌株间核苷酸序列、氨基酸序列都有很高的相似性,sapA蛋白具有较强的抗原性。     

副鸡嗜血杆菌在疫苗生产中生长特性的研究

通过测定培养期内副鸡嗜血杆菌C-Hpg-8的种子液活菌数和制苗菌液的活菌数及总菌数，分别绘制了种子液和制苗菌液的生长曲线，计算出C-Hpg-8种子液的世代时间为37.7min.在本试验条件下，C-Hpg-8种子液培养时间不应超过8h，制苗菌液的培养时间应控制在9-11h为宜。